Karl Fischer
Water can be determined by direct titration Karl Fischer, residual titration, coulometric titration, azeotropic-toluene distillation or gravimetrically. This value usually is used to correct assay results that are reported on the “anhydrous bases.”
R. D. Laboratories, Inc. uses KEM MKC-510 Karl Fischer coulometor with the ADP-511 evaporator. This apparatus can perform Karl Fisher water determinations at extremely low levels and without interferences seen in traditional Karl Fischer determinations. This auto electronic titrator consists of a closed system, purged with a dry inert gas. A specific temperature program, complete with gradients and holds, is designed to expel moisture from the sample contained in a glass boat, isolated from the titration vessel. As the moisture is swept into the cell reagent, the titration is conducted using electrodes, measuring water at the microgram level. R. D. Laboratories also performs traditional Karl Fischer water determinations, both direct and residual titrations.
